{"id":9021,"date":"2018-03-23T09:38:54","date_gmt":"2018-03-23T08:38:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.neurosciences.asso.fr\/?p=9021"},"modified":"2018-03-23T11:42:05","modified_gmt":"2018-03-23T10:42:05","slug":"les-nouveaux-neurones-de-laddiction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.neurosciences.asso.fr\/en\/2018\/03\/les-nouveaux-neurones-de-laddiction\/","title":{"rendered":"Les nouveaux neurones de l\u2019addiction !"},"content":{"rendered":"

La consommation de substances psychoactives, en particulier la nicotine et la coca\u00efne, a des cons\u00e9quences n\u00e9fastes sur les fonctions c\u00e9r\u00e9brales. Depuis longtemps, nous suspections que les effets de ces drogues \u00e9taient intimement li\u00e9s \u00e0 des alt\u00e9rations intervenant dans l\u2019hippocampe adulte, une r\u00e9gion qui pr\u00e9sente la particularit\u00e9 de produire des nouveaux neurones (n\u00e9o-neurones) tout au long de la vie des mammif\u00e8res, l\u2019homme inclus. Ainsi, nous avons montr\u00e9 que l\u2019auto-administration de drogues diminue la production et la survie des nouveaux neurones hippocampiques de rats. Puis, nous avons \u00e9mis l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se qu\u2019une faible production de nouveaux neurones rendrait les animaux vuln\u00e9rables \u00e0 la pharmacod\u00e9pendance (Abrous et al., 2005). Cette hypoth\u00e8se reposait sur l\u2019observation que des animaux spontan\u00e9ment vuln\u00e9rables \u00e0 l\u2019addiction, ou des animaux devenus vuln\u00e9rables apr\u00e8s stress pr\u00e9coces, sont caract\u00e9ris\u00e9s par une faible production de nouveaux neurones. Pour tester notre hypoth\u00e8se, un mod\u00e8le transg\u00e9nique a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 afin de tuer les cellules en prolif\u00e9ration par surexpression de la prot\u00e9ine pro-apoptotique Bax dans les pr\u00e9curseurs neuronaux exprimant la prot\u00e9ine Nestine. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce mod\u00e8le transg\u00e9nique inductible original, nous avons montr\u00e9 qu\u2019une souris saine pouvait \u00eatre transform\u00e9e en une souris \u00ab\u00a0addict\u00a0\u00bb. Dans cette \u00e9tude, les souris ont \u00e9t\u00e9 entra\u00een\u00e9es \u00e0 s\u2019auto-administrer la coca\u00efne et nous avons montr\u00e9 que les souris dont la production de nouveaux neurones a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duite par transg\u00e9n\u00e8se sont plus motiv\u00e9es \u00e0 s\u2019auto-administrer la drogue. De plus, au cours du sevrage, elles rechutent quand elles sont re-expos\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019environnement dans lequel elles s\u2019\u00e9taient auto-administr\u00e9es de la drogue. Ces travaux d\u00e9montrent l\u2019importance de la n\u00e9o-neurog\u00e9n\u00e8se hippocampique dans l\u2019addiction et ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives sur la compr\u00e9hension de la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 \u00e0 la pharmacod\u00e9pendance.<\/p>\n

R\u00e9f\u00e9rence :
\nDepleting adult dentate gyrus neurogenesis increases cocaine-seeking behavior.
\nDeroche-Gamonet V, Revest JM, Fiancette JF, Balado E, Koehl M, Grosjean N, Abrous DN, Piazza PV.
\nMol Psychiatry. 2018 Mar 5. doi: 10.1038\/s41380-018-0038-0. [Epub ahead of print]\n

Contact chercheur:<\/p>\n

Dr Nora Abrous<\/a>
\n“Neurogenesis & Pathophysiology”
\nNeurocentre Magendie – Inserm 1215 et Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux
\n146 rue L\u00e9o-Saignat
\n33077 Bordeaux cedex
\nTel. : +33 5 57 57 36 86<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

For many years, it was believed that the adult mammalian brain was composed of a fixed number of neurons that no longer divide after the end of development. However, the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus presents the unique peculiarity to produce new neurons throughout the lifespan of individuals. These adult-born dentate granule neurons (Adu-DGNs) are integrated into the hippocampal circuitry that they tightly control. They are required for learning and memory and have been proposed to be involved in drug addiction considered as a maladaptive learning. A number of studies support this hypothesis: 1) self-administration (SA) of drugs of abuse, such as nicotine or cocaine, decreases adult neurogenesis, 2) a decrease in adult neurogenesis spontaneously found in some individuals or induced by early life stress in others is associated with a higher vulnerability to drugs . Despite this compelling correlative evidence, the causal relationship between neurogenesis and vulnerability to drugs was still lacking.<\/em><\/p>\n

To assess the role of Adu-DGNs in cocaine self-administration we developed an inducible transgenic mouse model in which the death of neural precursors can be selectively induced by over-expressing the pro-apoptotic Bax protein following doxycycline (Dox) treatment . The impact of depleting Adu-DGNs was evaluated during various phases of SA behavior: acquisition, retention and relapse in a cue-induced reinstatement (Cue R) test. Our results show that transgenic mice with decreased Adu-DGNs exhibit increased motivation to self-administer cocaine and a higher seeking response to cocaine-related cues. These results identify adult hippocampal neurogenesis as a key factor in vulnerability to cocaine addiction and suggest that targeting Adu-DGNs might constitute a novel strategy for curing or preventing drug addiction.<\/em><\/p>\n

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La consommation de substances psychoactives, en particulier la nicotine et la coca\u00efne, a des cons\u00e9quences n\u00e9fastes sur les fonctions c\u00e9r\u00e9brales. Depuis longtemps, nous suspections que les effets de ces drogues \u00e9taient intimement li\u00e9s \u00e0 des alt\u00e9rations intervenant dans l\u2019hippocampe adulte, une r\u00e9gion qui pr\u00e9sente la particularit\u00e9 de produire des nouveaux neurones (n\u00e9o-neurones) tout au long […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":9016,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32,25],"tags":[31],"class_list":["post-9021","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-grand-public-en","category-uncategorized","tag-actualite-en"],"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-04-24 10:46:24","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category"},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.neurosciences.asso.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9021","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.neurosciences.asso.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.neurosciences.asso.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.neurosciences.asso.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.neurosciences.asso.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9021"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.neurosciences.asso.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9021\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9025,"href":"https:\/\/www.neurosciences.asso.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9021\/revisions\/9025"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.neurosciences.asso.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9016"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.neurosciences.asso.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9021"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.neurosciences.asso.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9021"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.neurosciences.asso.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9021"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}