{"id":13537,"date":"2020-05-29T15:51:20","date_gmt":"2020-05-29T13:51:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.neurosciences.asso.fr\/2020\/05\/intestin-et-cerveau-dans-la-maladie-de-parkinson-une-voie-a-double-sens\/"},"modified":"2020-05-29T16:24:52","modified_gmt":"2020-05-29T14:24:52","slug":"intestin-et-cerveau-dans-la-maladie-de-parkinson-une-voie-a-double-sens","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.neurosciences.asso.fr\/en\/2020\/05\/intestin-et-cerveau-dans-la-maladie-de-parkinson-une-voie-a-double-sens\/","title":{"rendered":"Intestin et cerveau dans la maladie de Parkinson : une voie \u00e0 double sens"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Plusieurs \u00e9tudes ont r\u00e9cemment montr\u00e9 que la maladie de Parkinson pourrait trouver son origine dans l\u2019intestin. En effet, des agr\u00e9gats de la prot\u00e9ine alpha-synucl\u00e9ine, jouant un r\u00f4le cl\u00e9 dans le d\u00e9veloppement de la maladie, sont pr\u00e9sents dans l\u2019intestin. Une \u00e9tude r\u00e9cente men\u00e9e par une \u00e9quipe franco-espagnole, chez des primates non-humains, montre que, non seulement la pathologie li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019alpha-synucl\u00e9ine peut \u00eatre transport\u00e9e de l\u2019intestin vers le cerveau, mais aussi du cerveau \u00e0 l\u2019intestin. Cette \u00e9tude ouvre de nouvelles perspectives sur notre compr\u00e9hension du r\u00f4le de l\u2019axe intestin\/cerveau dans l&#8217;initiation et la propagation de la pathologie de la maladie de Parkinson.<\/p>\n<p>La maladie de Parkinson est caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e, d\u2019une part par la mort cellulaire d&#8217;une population neuronale sp\u00e9cifique, et d\u2019autre part, par l&#8217;accumulation de la prot\u00e9ine alpha-synucl\u00e9ine dans ces cellules. L&#8217;id\u00e9e que l&#8217;axe intestin-cerveau pourrait jouer un r\u00f4le dans l\u2019initiation de la maladie a vu le jour en 2003 lorsqu&#8217;une \u00e9quipe de neuro-anatomistes a d\u00e9couvert la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019inclusions d&#8217;alpha-synucl\u00e9ine dans le syst\u00e8me nerveux ent\u00e9rique (i.e. intestin) de personnes d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9es de la maladie de Parkinson. Cette d\u00e9couverte a permis de d\u00e9velopper l&#8217;hypoth\u00e8se selon laquelle la pathologie li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019accumulation d\u2019alpha-synucl\u00e9ine se propagerait de l&#8217;intestin au cerveau. Cependant, l&#8217;origine intestinale de la MP n&#8217;a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 prouv\u00e9e chez les primates non humains et la possibilit\u00e9 que l&#8217;alpha-synucl\u00e9ine soit \u00e9galement transport\u00e9e du cerveau \u00e0 l&#8217;intestin est toujours \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9tude.<\/p>\n<p>Des donn\u00e9es r\u00e9centes montrent que l&#8217;injection dans le cerveau d\u2019agr\u00e9gats d\u2019alpha-synucl\u00e9ine provenant de cerveaux parkinsoniens peuvent initier et propager le processus neurod\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratif qui caract\u00e9rise la maladie de Parkinson, chez la souris et le primate. L&#8217;\u00e9tude entreprise ici chez les primates non-humains montre que l\u2019injection d&#8217;agr\u00e9gats d\u2019alpha-synucl\u00e9ine provenant de cerveaux parkinsoniens, induit :<\/p>\n<p>1- une neurod\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9rescence, deux ans apr\u00e8s l&#8217;injection, ind\u00e9pendant du site d\u2019injection, cerveau ou bien intestin ;<\/p>\n<p>2- des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts de la forme pathologique de la prot\u00e9ine alpha-synucl\u00e9ine, \u00e0 la fois dans le syst\u00e8me ent\u00e9rique et dans le cerveau. Il existe une corr\u00e9lation entre le niveau \u00e9lev\u00e9 d&#8217;alpha-synucl\u00e9ine dans les neurones ent\u00e9riques et la neurod\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9rescence progressive de la voie nigrostriatale ;<\/p>\n<p>3- une accumulation d\u2019une forme pathologique de l&#8217;alpha-synucl\u00e9ine, \u00e0 la fois dans le cerveau et dans le syst\u00e8me ent\u00e9rique, suite \u00e0 une injection intrac\u00e9r\u00e9brale.<\/p>\n<p>Ces r\u00e9sultats indiquent que la propagation de l\u2019alpha-synucl\u00e9ine peut avoir lieu non seulement de l&#8217;intestin vers le cerveau, mais \u00e9galement du cerveau vers l&#8217;intestin. Comprendre comment la maladie se d\u00e9veloppe au fil du temps pourrait ouvrir la porte au d\u00e9veloppement de nouvelles approches th\u00e9rapeutiques. Bien que d&#8217;autres exp\u00e9riences soient n\u00e9cessaires, l&#8217;\u00e9tude sugg\u00e8re \u00e9galement que la transmission de la pathologie de la \u03b1-synucl\u00e9ine ne passerait pas par le nerf vague comme cela avait \u00e9t\u00e9 sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment mais via un m\u00e9canisme syst\u00e9mique possible, dans lequel la circulation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale agirait comme une voie de transmission bidirectionnelle \u00e0 longue distance de la \u03b1-synucl\u00e9ine endog\u00e8ne, renfor\u00e7ant le r\u00f4le pr\u00e9dictif de l&#8217;alpha-synucl\u00e9ine en tant que biomarqueur.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>There is growing evidence that Parkinson&#8217;s disease (PD) may begin in the gut, with aggregates of the protein alpha-synuclein arising in the gut, playing a key role in the development of the disease. In experiments in non-human primates, a team of Spanish and French researchers say they have found additional evidence that brain alpha-synuclein can also travels down to the gut. This study offers a new invaluable primate data exploring the role of the gut-brain axis in the initiation and propagation of PD pathology.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Parkinson\u2019s disease is characterized by the cell death of a specific neuronal population and by the buildup of a misfolded protein, called alpha-synuclein, in the cells of the brain. The research about the gut-brain axis emerged in 2003 when a neuroanatomists team spotted alpha-synuclein inclusions within the enteric nervous system of people who had died with PD. They proposed a staging scheme in which \u03b1-synuclein pathology spread from the gut to the brain. However, the intestinal origin of PD has not been proved in nonhuman primates and the bidirectional travel of alpha-synuclein is still under investigation. Recent data show that extracted \u03b1-synuclein aggregates of brains of dead patients have the ability to initiate and extend the neurodegenerative process that typifies Parkinson&#8217;s disease in mice and primates.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>The study conducted in non-human primates shows that injection of extracted \u03b1-synuclein aggregates from PD patients have the ability to induce:<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>1- Two years after administration, injected monkeys displayed neurodegeneration regardless of the injection site, in the brain or in the gut.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>2- Alpha-synuclein deposits of the pathological form of the protein was observed both in the enteric system and in the brain. We can observe a high \u03b1-synuclein level in enteric neurons correlated with the progressive destruction of the nigrostriatal pathway.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>3- When the aggregates were injected into the brain, pathologic form of alpha-synuclein was observed both in the brain and in the enteric system and vice-versa.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>These results indicate that both brain and gut injections of aggregates can induce \u03b1-synuclein pathology in the enteric system, demonstrating the bidirectional long-distance propagation of \u03b1-synuclein pathology between the brain and the gut in the non-human primate. Although further experiments are necessary, the study also suggests that the transmission of \u03b1-synuclein pathology does not go through the vagus nerve as it was previously suggested, but through a possible systemic mechanism, in which the general circulation would act as a route for long-distance bidirectional transmission of endogenous \u03b1-synuclein\u201d explained Dr. Dehay, strengthening the predictive role of alpha-synuclein as a biomarker.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Pour en savoir plus:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bidirectional gut-to-brain and brain-to-gut propagation of synucleinopathy in non-human primates. Arotcarena ML, Dovero S, Prigent A, Bourdenx M, Camus S, Porras G, Thiolat ML, Tasselli M, Aubert P, Kruse N, Mollenhauer B, Trigo-Damas I, Estrada C, Garcia-Carrillo N, Vaikath NN, El-Agnaf OMA, Herrero MT, Vila M, Obeso JA, Derkinderen P, Dehay B, Bezard E. Brain. 2020 May 1;143(5):1462-1475.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Contact chercheurs:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"mailto:benjamin.dehay@u-bordeaux.fr\">Benjamin Dehay<\/a>, Ph.D<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"mailto:erwan.bezard@u-bordeaux.fr\">Erwan B\u00e9zard<\/a>, Ph.D<\/p>\n<p>Institut des Maladies Neurod\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratives (IMN), CNRS UMR 5293, Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imn-bordeaux.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.imn-bordeaux.org<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Figure<\/strong> : Les injections c\u00e9r\u00e9brales et intestinales d&#8217;une fraction enrichie d&#8217;agr\u00e9gats humains d&#8217;alpha-synucl\u00e9ine induisent : 1 une d\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9rescence nigro-striatale, 2 une pathologie alpha-synucl\u00e9ine dans le syst\u00e8me nerveux central et 3 une pathologie alpha-synucl\u00e9ine dans le syst\u00e8me ent\u00e9rique.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a9 Celine Perier<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Plusieurs \u00e9tudes ont r\u00e9cemment montr\u00e9 que la maladie de Parkinson pourrait trouver son origine dans l\u2019intestin. En effet, des agr\u00e9gats de la prot\u00e9ine alpha-synucl\u00e9ine, jouant un r\u00f4le cl\u00e9 dans le d\u00e9veloppement de la maladie, sont pr\u00e9sents dans l\u2019intestin. Une \u00e9tude r\u00e9cente men\u00e9e par une \u00e9quipe franco-espagnole, chez des primates non-humains, montre que, non seulement la [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":13532,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[31],"class_list":["post-13537","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-actualite-en"],"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-04-24 14:22:11","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category"},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.neurosciences.asso.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13537","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.neurosciences.asso.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.neurosciences.asso.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.neurosciences.asso.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.neurosciences.asso.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13537"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.neurosciences.asso.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13537\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13542,"href":"https:\/\/www.neurosciences.asso.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13537\/revisions\/13542"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.neurosciences.asso.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13532"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.neurosciences.asso.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13537"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.neurosciences.asso.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13537"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.neurosciences.asso.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13537"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}